Contrary to popular opinion, the molar tooth still not spliced with the bone of the jaw. Just dragged its root firmly in the tooth hole thin fibers of connective tissue. These elastic threads arranged in a narrow gap between the bone wall and the root of the tooth. Teeth are able to move independently when cutting.
They lend themselves to the forces, specifically applied to change their situation. When the wall of a tooth long small holes directed pressure is absorbed at this point, opening the tooth space to move. On the other hand, where the stretch connective tissue fibers, new bone is formed, propping tooth without giving him back, take its place.
It's also great to biological property that persists throughout life. Thus nature took care of that for offended by it on the teeth has always been the opportunity to eliminate this injustice. With, of course, specialists.
Device for the correction of malocclusion
Device for the correction of malocclusion are divided intomechanical, teeth resulting in a decent look through the spring and arcs under pressure, andfunctional — Acting on muscles
The latter are called trainers And well, if a child years
The mechanical means, in turn, divided intoremovable andnonremovable system to correct the bite.
Removable System
This is the first removable Records, which are hypoallergenic plastic form to the upper or lower jaw. Record manufactured individually from a cast and retained on the patient's teeth wire hooks. During the meal, brushing teeth, it can be removed, in order to later re-use. For straightening crooked teeth in removable device mounted wire bow, hinges and springs. With the goal to expand the jaw, between the halves of the plates and insert the screw extends. Gradually, with replacement handles for more appropriate correct form of the teeth, the system aligns the tooth row.
These systems are easy to remove before eating, wash and clean. However, the effectiveness of their use is high only for children up to 12 years — as long as there is an active form of the jaw. In addition, children love to shoot the plate at every opportunity and often forget to put them on.
Fixed systems (brackets)
There are also non-removable system of mechanical action — popular today Braces.
Removable equipment is built in the mouth for the entire course of treatment. Its structural components are glued to the teeth and can not be removed. Even when using the various security elements, the system is subjected to regulation by the doctor.
In English the bracket means "yoke." In fact, this "bracket" is an extremely difficult configuration, highly accurate and jewelry on execution of the product.
Braces are generally made of stainless steel for medical purposes. However, there are braces and gold, precious stones, pure titanium single crystal composites, ceramics, special fiberglass, plastic …
A set of braces consists of 20 elements, 10 of which are glued to the upper teeth 10 — on the bottom with a special adhesive. The doctor paste braces on each tooth in a specific sequence, and then binds them together arc, which is inserted into a horizontal slot bracket and is assigned to the "wings" elastic or wire ligatures. Doug fixed on special metal rings, which are placed on mounts — usually the sixth teeth.
The wire connecting the elements of the bracket has a memory. It sets the programmed direction of movement of the teeth on the way to the correct position in the mouth. Wire arc of a section of a profile with a certain fixed, defined degree of tension.
Feature wire that is superelastic. Superelasticity evident in the fact that you can wire it as much as necessary to twist, bend, tie loops — wasted effort, she once again returned to its original state. And here it is — the original position — just set in memory.
The form can be as intricate, but when a certain temperature — say, 36.6 degrees Celsius, wire, whatever before it "remembers" and takes shape, which she had been given. If you put it in the refrigerator, it will lose shape. Then the warmed in the mouth, will restore. And that recovery in this case takes the nature of the work on a tension, forcing the tooth to straighten your posture.
Braces do the will of the doctor as to which way and to what degree rotate, or tilt, or by tilting, rotating or that corrects the tooth. "Course" bracket laid in the geometry of the groove that receives an external force. Each bracket slot his own, personal. He (slot) must match the profile of the power wire, but the inclination to the horizontal and vertical axes must strictly comply with the specific task of turning the tooth. Set of geometry types of slots and accordingly set of braces are such that one can find a suitable for absolutely any occasion.
Thus, the power cord through the slot bracket has a slight continuous pressure on the "wrong" tooth. This continuity — day and night, month after month — leaves no chance the tooth and the surrounding tissues to break even
Pros and cons of braces
Fixed systems (brackets) are more progressive than removable. Only non-removable devices can move a tooth hull, that is, without tilting, straighten the tooth root, shorten or lengthen teeth, turn on the axis of the tooth. Finally, the only non-removable devices can correct misaligned teeth in adults.
The main disadvantage of braces — their high cost. The requirements for materials used in
Will have to wear braces for a long time — an average of about 1,