Renaissance marine terminator

Invite readers to CBS article about promising IRAs. Today, their creation in many countries of the world — a cheap and effective way to protect their coastal waters. Our defense has several options to export IRAs — from the «Lightning» to «Katrana.» Each of them have already found a buyer andwas appreciated. This paper presents a comparative analytical data of foreign and Russian projects IRAs.

Alexander BRAIN

They are replenished fleets of different countries like Norway and Indonesia, South Korea and Pakistan, China and Iran, Taiwan, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates and Greece, Myanmar and Egypt. This list could go on. The trend of growing interest in the RCA is clearly delineated in the mid 10-ies of the century (see the magazine «National Defense number 11/2007), and now it has sustained.

The reasons for the increased attention once again to the missile boats are different. Here and in the need to replace their end-of-period boats Soviet, French, German and British buildings. Certainly influenced by economic factors. The large surface ships of the road, and in the context of the global crisis, defense budgets are cut. Hence the desire to get an effective fighting platform for the relatively modest money. But the main reason — the need for the organization of the naval forces that are capable of using rocket «terminator» in conjunction with the base to create a reliable barrier aviation fleets of other countries in the protection of its coastal waters, or, as they say now — the intertidal zone.

One can not ignore the fact that the approach to the concept itself of RCA. It is known that 60-ies. last century, when the Soviet Union came the class itself missile boats, they were created on the basis of the torpedo boats (project 183R «Mosquito»). And although they have come to replace the RCA Project 205 «Wasp» and the French type Combattante is a platform of the original design, they filled up the fleets of customer countries with little regard for the characteristics of their operation in significantly differing conditions. Of course, they are often equipped with various anti-ship missiles (ASM) and, if necessary, were equipped with air conditioning units. However, this distinction and an end. Of course, this approach has a great advantage — you can deploy large-scale construction of RCA. Only in one of the Soviet Union was handed the industry a few hundred.

To date, quite clearly defined subclasses of missile boats. Large PKA have a displacement of 500 to almost 1,500 tons and more often classified as small missile ships (IRAs) or small corvettes. As a general rule, except for the powerful impact of missiles they are satisfactory means of self-defense, that is, to a certain extent, this versatile platform. Displacement actual missile boats in the range 100-500 m Their potential repel attacks from the air much more modest. Displacement of small missile boats armed with two 50-100 m, and at least four anti-ship missiles in fact nothing can not defend themselves. Can be identified as a subclass and PKA, which we will call «kvaziraketnymi.» They need to carry boats with a displacement of 10 tons or more, armed with anti-tank missiles or light MLRS adapted for firing at sea targets. Range of fire such missiles with charges of low power low. The most widely used such «kvaziRKA», similar in nature to sabotage and assault funds received in the Iranian navy and naval units of the Revolutionary Guards.

HI-TEKOVSKIE «Invisible»

The most advanced of the RCA are undoubtedly Norwegian hovercraft-type Skjold («Shield»). Their hull and superstructure are made of carbon-fiber radio absorbent material based on glass fibers. Combined diesel-gas turbine power plant disperses these skeg ships complete with a displacement of 274 tons to a maximum of 60-knot speed, which is by far a record for the warships. These RCA — highly automated platform. That’s why their crew of only 15 people.

Armament includes boats of Skjold 8 subtle NSM anti-ship missiles with a warhead weighing 125 kg and a firing range of more than 185 km, which are in the stowed position are placed in the space below deck in the rear of the hull, and a 76-mm automatic gun mount Otobreda Super Rapid. Self-defense presented by MANPADS Mistral turret and 12.7-mm machine gun.

It should be noted that the program is the establishment of six boats of Skjold lasted for many years and is still not completely finished. It started in August 1996 when the project was developed SMP 6081. A year later, the laying head hi-tekovskogo ship. Norwegian designers and shipbuilders are facing serious difficulties in introducing a number of innovations. I had to turn to the specialists group Thales, which in the end were the coordinators of the program. Only at the end of last year in the Norwegian Navy entered the RCA Gnist — fifth serial boat of this type. But there is still upgrading the brain «Shield» under the standards of production.

Delayed debugging and Swedish small corvettes «stealth» type Visby full displacement 630 tons and a maximum cruising speed of 35 knots. Their body integrated architecture made of laminated plastic, reinforced carbon fiber significantly reduces radar visibility. In September last year, the lead ship, founded in December 1996 and launched on June 2000, joined the Navy in complete set (the so-called «Version 5»). This multi-purpose vehicle. He has eight anti-ship missiles RBS-15 Mk 2 with a range of 110 km and a 150-pound warhead, 57-mm automatic gun Bofors in stelsovskoy tower, four 400-mm anti-submarine torpedo tubes. Corvette sonar capable of detecting mines and remotely operated vehicles designed to destroy them. There is a reception area for the helicopter. In the long term to strengthen the defense expected to be placed on the ship block-container with eight South African Umkhonto SAM production.

Originally planned to build six corvettes type of Visby. But the rising cost of their «ate» the sixth case. And while a fleet of five received only the head is more or less brought to mind, although the entire program to be completed in 2007, four ships still or upgraded to «v5» or are being retrofitted expectations for this standard.

For modest PURSE

In contrast to the high-tekovskih Scandinavian PKA in Indonesia missile boats built quickly and cheaply. January 23 this year in the country’s navy came PKA Beladau — a third of the project KCR-40, assembled at a private shipyard PT Palindo Marindo. Its length — 44 m, width — 8 m, depth — 3.4 m Maximum speed — 27 knots. A large and is not required because the boat will be used in the archipelagic waters, where it is particularly not be dispersed. The main weapon — four C-705 anti-ship missiles made in China with a range of 120 km and a warhead weighing 110 kg. Remedies minimum — nose 20-mm automatic gun and two heavy machine guns in the aft part of the superstructure. By 2014, the Indonesian Navy will purchase 14 boats of this type, each of which is worth $ 7.98 million, which is a r idiculous sum for the United States and Western Europe.

RSA project KCR-40 — boat-killers and at the same time «suicide.» Their mission — to attack the enemy and ourselves to perish, because they have virtually no opportunity to reflect counterattack. In order to finally put their fate of gladiators, who were destined to die in the arena, the command of the Indonesian Navy has decided to bolster the ranks of missile launches project KCR-40 with more powerful units. In May of last year by the state shipyard shipbuilding association PT PAL Indonesia in Surabaya was laid a large head missile boat of KCR-60M. Total fleet reinforced with three such ships. Their length — 59.8 m, width — 8.1 m, full speed — 28 knots. Missiles will be almost the same as on the type of boat KCR-40 — four Chinese-made anti-ship missiles, but it is more powerful and long-range S-802. But the artillery weapons will increase by locating the nose 57mm universal automatic installation BAE Systems Bofors Mk 3 and two 20-mm automatic guns on the superstructure. Furthermore, the aft provide space for a short-range air defense system. Boats will also complex electronic warfare, including the installation decoy.

Boat type KCR-60M will obviously play a leadership role RCA project KCR-40: output them to attack and defend against possible enemy counterattacks.

In Indonesia, where in 2024, it is planned to build 44 missile boats, an attempt was made to create a high-tekovsky and PKA. In 2011, the Navy ordered the shipyard of Banyuwangi four boat project H3K. This all-composite trimarans. Architecture is the case in terms of double-swept delta wing with a long «cuts through the wave» of the nasal tip and two small outrigger floats-aft. There is a boat ramp for launching and receiving on board a motor boat rigid-inflatable type. On the ship, introduced various elements of technology stealth. Displacement boats without payload — about 130 tons, length — 62,53 m, width — 16 meters Maximum speed, despite the high quality of propulsion underwater hull and a relatively low — up to 35 knots. But four MAN Diesel very economical. Range — up to 2,000 miles at 16 knots. Endurance — 10 days. Armament included four launchers Chinese C-705 anti-ship missiles, automatic cannon and machine guns. Crew — 27 people. In addition, the board may be taken subdivision Special Forces soldiers. And all this for a very modest money — $ 12.57 million

But … September 28, 2012 the head trimaran Klewang, moored at the pier of a naval base Banyuwangi, burned like a candle, even faster. Before the start of his trial remained little more than a day. Victims managed to escape. But innovative ship was completely destroyed by fire. Now the realization of the construction of RCA-type H3K questionable, because once again it became evident that high-tekovskie projects should be thought out in every detail, and by definition can not be cheap.

Chinese track

But even here there are exceptions. And quite bright. Rather, it is about the Chinese RCA type 022 Houbei. They are called Shadow Cat, ie «Shadow Cat» — because of low visibility. This — catamarans with «cuts through the wave» of buildings full displacement 224 tons, a length of 42.6 m and a width of 12.2 m Two diesel engines running on four water jets provide 36-node maximum speed. Armament — 8 RCC family of C-801-803 with a range of 120-180 km and a 165-kilogram warhead. Instead, they can be taken cruise missiles Hongniao, designed to hit coastal targets at ranges of up to 600 km. Protection from air attack weapons provide MANPADS FLS-1 and «borrowed» from Russia six-barreled 30-mm gun mount AK-630 stelsovskoy pinnacle of Chinese performance. The crew of the boat is 12 people, which indicates a high degree of automation. Are these enough «stranded» boats relatively inexpensive — about $ 40 million per unit. Since 2004, the Navy People’s Liberation Army of China, supplemented by 83 (!) Type 022 boats.

Interestingly the «mechanism» of development China advanced shipbuilding technology. As you know, after the suppression of student demonstrations in Tiananmen Square in Beijing Western states introduced in 1989 an embargo on military equipment and technology to China. But there are so-called dual-use technologies that are easy to beat a path to the Celestial Kingdom. In 1999, the Chinese bought from the Sydney Design Bureau AMD designs high-speed passenger «dissecting wave» catamaran models AMD-150, 25 m long and the AMD-183 30 m long on technical documentation received from Australia, China has built pleasure boats Fei Ying and Fei Hong. They have been thoroughly tested, and then on the basis of their Chinese designers have created a project of missile boats of 022 Houbei.

In May last year, it was announced that the Taiwanese private shipbuilding company Lung Tech Shipbuilding was awarded a contract valued at $ 30.1 million for the construction of a prototype of prospective small missile corvette with all-aluminum catamaran hulls. Standard displacement towing vessel of 450 tons, total — 500 tonnes His assembly must be completed before the end of 2014 after the tests will be decided on the construction of a series of larger displacement 900-1000 corvettes in an amount of from seven to eleven units. Their maximum speed — 38 knots. Armament will include eight subsonic Hsiung Feng II anti-ship missiles and a similar number of supersonic anti-ship missile Hsiung Feng III (the missiles in the West as analogues of Russian anti-ship missiles «Mosquito»), the 76-mm gun mount Oto Melara Super Rapid stelsovskom in performance, the 20-mm six anti-aircraft artillery system Phalanx Mk 15 Block 1B and 12.7-mm machine guns. Aft of the house a landing area for helicopters. For this program is expected to release $ 853.4 million

Meanwhile, China has become one of the leading exporters of technology missile boats and weapons for them. For example, Iran is building missile boats of the type Sina, which are designed on the basis of the French RCA type Combattante II. And they are armed Noor anti-ship missiles with a range of 120 km, which is the Chinese C-802 anti-ship missiles «local flood».

China has provided assistance to Tehran in the mass production of «kvaziRKA.» Among them, nine 19-ton boats, catamarans type C 14, which in the West is called China Cats, meaning «Chinese cats.» They develop a 50-node speed and armed with supersonic four compact FL-10 anti-ship missiles with a range of 20 km. They also are equipped with missile boats and small type Peykaap II displacement of less than 14 tonnes and 52-knot speed full speed. It is planned to commission 75 such units.

But Pakistan, whose fleet operates not in the narrow straits and bays, and in the open Arabian Sea, it took a major PKA. According to the Chinese project in Karachi were first built four missile boats of the type Jalalat full displacement of 185 tons, armed with the familiar Chinese C-802 anti-ship missiles. But here’s the speed they have very nekaternaya — only 23 knots. Now they mainly serve as patrol and not attack ships (except missiles at them, there are two 37 — and two 25-mm automatic cannon made in China).

Then, the Pakistanis have paid attention to the Turkish boats of the type KAAN 33 120 deadweight tons and a maximum 65-knot cruising speed, armed with four American RCC Harpoon, 30-mm automatic remote-controlled gun and two 12.7 mm machine guns. But because of the considerable cost of these high-tech RCA Pakistan Navy were forced to abandon their purchase. However, the two units without the missile fell into the hands of the Coast Guard in the country. But with Harpoon anti-ship missiles they are easy to turn into rocket.

In April last year in the Pakistan Navy missile boat came Azmat — the head of the new series. It was built at the Chinese shipyard Xingang Shipyard in Tianjin. Total displacement of the RCA — 560 tons, length — 63 m, width — 8.8 m Maximum speed — 30 knots, cruising range — 1000 miles. Armament consists of two quad launchers for anti-ship missile C-802A made in China and twin 25-mm gun mount, and a 30-mm AK-630. The second boat, called Dehshat, launched on last year at the shipyard KS & EW in Karachi. What amount will be in the RCA series, not reported.

Very similar to Azmat missile boat with a displacement of 500 tons, built in the last year obviously with Chinese participation at the naval shipyard in Myanmar. Its performance characteristics have not been disclosed, but the arming know that it consists of four launchers S-802 anti-ship missiles and a 30 mm gun mount AK-630. Of course, China.

The optimal option

Large missile boats are built for the South Korean Navy. This is a very powerful and vysokomorehodnye RCA type Yoon Yong Ha project PKG-A. Their full displacement — 570 tons, maximum speed — 40 knots. They are armed with two quad launchers for anti-ship missiles 700K Sea Star — South Korean counterparts American RCC Harpoon, 76-mm single-barrel and a 40-mm twin automatic guns, heavy machine guns. Of the 28 ships of this type, intended to be built, 9 are already in the system. According to the South Korean naval experts, these RCA indispensable for defensive and offensive operations in the Korea Strait, the Sea of Japan and the Yellow Sea.

It includes a large RCA-type boats and Ambassador III (some sources they are called Ambassador IV), which built the American subsidiary of the Singapore firm VT Halter Marine for the Egyptian Navy in the amount of four units in the programs of U.S. military aid to foreign countries.

Architecture of the ship — stelsovskaya even nasal tip acquired «cubic» shape. Displacement — 500 tons, length — 60.6 m, width — 10 m Maximum speed — 41 knots, cruising range at 15 knots — 2000 miles, autonomy — 8 days. Two quadruple launchers of anti-ship missiles Harpoon SSM Block 1G, one universal automatic 76-mm gun, SAM RAM, 20-mm AU defense near the turn of Phalanx, two 7.62mm machine guns are weapons of RCA. That is, it is very balanced.

It should be emphasized that the decisions of the competent layout can accommodate a variety of weapons and electronic equipment and the relatively small PKA. And, perhaps best of them are the 270-ton boats of the type Finnish Hamina, four units which make up the backbone of the Navy strike the country Suomi. They are designed to act primarily in the archipelago, so develop a maximum speed of 30 knots with a little. Automatic system of command and control ANCS 2000 controls all the electronic systems, including sonar, gives target designation and significantly simplifies the tasks of the crew of 27 people. Armament of the 51-meter RCA diverse. Four PKR RBS-15 Mk 3 with a range of 200 km and a warhead of high power can strike at ships and ground targets. Artillery is a universal 57-mm Bofors and installation of two 12.7-mm machine guns. Protection against enemy air missiles provide 8 Umkhonto-IR, with sufficient accuracy to hit targets at altitudes up to 8000 meters in the stern of the boat — the guide for dropping depth charges and statement difficult to detect mines Sea Mine 2000. It can accommodate four mortars Elma LLS-920 to fire on submarines and underwater saboteurs. There is also a wide range of electronic warfare.

SYNDROME Gulf of Sidra

Paradoxically, but in Russia to missile boats, where they actually first appeared in the post-Soviet era manifests persistent disregard.

And all because, in the minds of Russian naval commanders and among naval experts has developed a strong conviction that the RCA — not an effective means of warfare. Even such a deep and connoisseur of military issues, as deputy director of the Institute of Political and Military Analysis Anatoly Hramchihin, in a recent article published on the website «Weapons of Russia» and entitled «The Crisis of small forms», with which meant under the RCA, said that for «large «Russian fleets, except, perhaps, the Black Sea Fleet, Corvettes and boats are not needed because of the lack of real-world problems.» Like, let MRC projects in 1239, 1234 and the RSA Project 12411 «attain the age, but why build a replacement?».

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But the project 20970 «Qatran» best suited for the needs of the Russian Navy in the coastal areas of the Baltic, Black and Caspian Seas. And to cover up the coast in the north and the Pacific Ocean requires a larger unit and seaworthy. And the inspiration for their creation can serve as laid down in 2001, but did not unfinished missile and artillery boat project 12300 «Scorpion» development CMDB «Diamond». At full displacement 465 tons this stelsovsky ship through a combined diesel-gas turbine power plant scheme CODAG was to develop a 40-knot speed. His strike weapons presupposes the existence of supersonic anti-ship missiles «Yakhont» with a range of 300 km or «Uranus». Artillery weapons — 100 mm installation A190 «Universal» and Zack defense near abroad.

Boat upgraded project 12300, obviously, need to equip the UAV helicopter type for reconnaissance and target designation weapons. He would have to strengthen the defense something similar to the South African SAM Umkhonto! And why not? South Africa — partner of Russia in the SCO, and mutually beneficial military-technical cooperation with this country can be very productive. Especially since it will be the purchase or license the production of not tens or hundreds of anti-aircraft missiles.